Common, scarce and rare
ancient coins at Mintmark.com.
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HISTORY OF COINS—The history of
coins extends from ancient times to the present, and is related to
economic history, the history of
minting technologies, the history shown by the images on coins, and the history of
coin collecting. Coins are still widely used for monetary and other purposes. All western histories of coins begin with their invention at some time slightly before or after 600 B.C. in Western Turkey. Since that time, coins have been the most universal embodiment of
money. These first coins were made of
electrum, a naturally occurring pale yellow mixture of gold and silver that was further alloyed with silver and copper. Also, the
Persian coins were very famous in the Persian and
Sassanids era. Most notably, in
Susa and in
Ctesiphon. Some of the most famous and widely collected coins of antiquity are
Roman coins and
Greek coins. The Byzantine Empire minted many coins (see
Byzantine currency), including very thin gold coins bearing the image of the
Christian cross and various
Byzantine emperors. A tomb of the
Shang Dynasty dating back to the 11th century B.C. shows what may be the first cast copper money
Tong Bei. Coinage was in widespread use by the
Warring States Period and the
Han Dynasty. Some of the earliest coins were beaten at the edges to imitate the shape of a cow, in indication of their value. Most coins are circular but some were rectangular. Also a lot of coins, especially in China had a hole through the center so they could be tied on to a string. Some of the earliest coins to be made purely from silver and gold were the silver
Dirham and
gold Dinar in the early Islamic
Caliphate from the 7th century.
Minting technologies—Coins were first made of scraps of metal. Ancient coins were produced through a process of hitting a
hammer positioned over an anvil. The Chinese produced primarily
cast coinage, and this spread to South-East Asia and Japan. Relatively few non-Chinese cast coins were produced by governments, however it was a common practice amongst counterfeiters. Since the early 1700s and before, presses (normally referred to as
mills in coin collecting circles) have been used in the west, beginning with screw presses and progressing in the 1800s towards steam driven presses. The first of these presses were developed in France and Germany, and quickly spreading to Britain. Recently modern minting techniques involving electric and hydraulic presses have been more commonly employed. The type of mintage method (being hammered, milled or cast) does limit the materials which can be used for the coin. For example,
antimony coins, (which are very rare) are nearly always cast examples, because of the brittle nature of the metal, and thus it would break if deformed, which is a key part of the milling or hammering processes . . ." —
History of coins at Wikipedia. Edited and (or) revised by Mintmark.com
Ancient
Greek Coins
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Ancient
Roman Coins
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Ancient
Byzantine Coins
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Medieval Coins
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