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Medieval Coins
  The Early Dated Coins of Europe 1234-1500 ▶ Books at Mintmark.com |
Common, scarce and rare medieval (aka Middle Ages) coins at Mintmark.com.
“COINING (MINT)—. . . Medieval coin dies—Medieval coin dies were created in mints by guild members known as engravers. The vast majority of medieval coins were cold struck; the planchets were not heated. While medieval coin dies were largely made of iron, some dies have been discovered with a small region at the face of the die which is made of steel. As technology and the economy changed over the course of the Middle Ages, so did the techniques used to create coin dies. While most ancient coin dies used engraving very heavily, early medieval coinage was dominated by dies created mostly from punches, which displace the metal of the die instead of removing it. There is evidence of medieval die cutters using engraving tools to lay out designs, and to create detailed punches. However, engraving on the face of the die did not become commonplace until the early Renaissance. Very detailed records exist for the Venetian mint [q.v., Zecca: The Mint of Venice in the Middle Ages]. In the late Middle Ages, the dies used to create tornesellos lasted as follows: hammer die, ~17,000 strikes; anvil die, ~36,000 strikes. The mint made an average of 20,000 coins per day, so they were making one hammer die a day and one anvil die every other day! The hammer dies wore out quicker because they tended to be smaller and were hit directly with a hammer, leading to severe mushrooming on the tops . . .” — COINING (MINT) AT WIKIPEDIA
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